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Statistics Notes

Overview

The discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

Two types of statistics

  • Descriptive statistics: focus mainly on Exploratory Data Analysis(EDA): data collection + graphical representation (ex: hystogram)
  • Inferential statistics: the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying distribution of probability

The (Descriptive) statistics Series

  • Series of positions: average, median, extended, quartile
  • Series of dispersions: variance, Standard deviation

Applications

  • Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and accurate description of nature’s phenomena.
  • Statistics helps in the proper and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in any field of study.
  • Statistics helps in collecting appropriate quantitative data.
  • Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a suitable tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form for an easy and clear comprehension of the data.
  • Statistics helps in understanding the nature and pattern of variability of a phenomenon through quantitative observations.
  • Statistics helps in drawing valid inferences, along with a measure of their reliability about the population parameters from the sample data.

Tools/Frameworks

  • SPSS (IBM) ...
  • R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) ...
  • MATLAB (The Mathworks) ...
  • Microsoft Excel. ...
  • SAS (Statistical Analysis Software) ...
  • GraphPad Prism. ...
  • Minitab.

References

Wikipedia:

  • Mathematics-Portal: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mathematics
  • Mathematical statistics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_statistics
  • Statistics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

  • Probability theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_theory

  • Descriptive statistics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_statistics

  • Data analysis : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis
  • Exploratory data analysis : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis
  • Data and information visualization : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_and_information_visualization
  • Inferential statistics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics#Inferential_statistics

Geeks for Geeks: - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-statistics-and-its-types/

Data science Maths interview question: - 5 Maths skills to master: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwlhScL3uBc 1. Central Tendency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency 2. Dispersion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersion 3. Correlation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation 4. Normal Distribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution 5. Hypothesis Testing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A/B_testing